土壤中酞酸酯的分析方法研究

经过系统研究,建立了以正已烷/丙酮(V/V:2/1)为溶剂,对土壤进行超声萃取,然后以浓H_2SO_4进行纯化的分析土壤中酞酸酯的方法。本方法具有省时、省溶剂、空白低及纯化效果好的特点,具有很强的实用性。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解历程的研究

研究了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在臭氧氧化和二氧化钛光催化氧化两种条件下的氧化降解历程。采用胶束电动毛细管色谱技术对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解反应的中间产物和终产物进行跟踪分析。初步认为 ,臭氧氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯时 ,首先是侧链反应 ,生成邻苯二甲酸 ,然后再进一步氧化降解。而TiO2 光催化氧化时 ,则为自由基直接攻击苯环 ,开环生成链状化合物 ,最终降解为CO2 和H2 O。     

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究阎海雷志芳叶常明（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京１０００８５）关键词斜生栅藻；邻苯二甲酸二甲酯；苯胺；降解动力学邻苯二甲酸酯类是广泛使用的人工合成有机物，主要作为塑料和橡胶等化工产品的增塑剂，我国和...     

Efficient microwave-assisted photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate over composite catalyst ZrOx/ZnO

A highly active ZrOx/ZnO catalyst for microwave-assisted photocatalytic (MW/PC) degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate (DMP) has been prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium assisted hydrothermal method. The ZrOx/ZnO was characterized by XPS, XRD, UV-Vis, BET and SEM techniques. The XPS result showed that Zr oxides with different valences (+2, +3, +4) co-existed in ZrOx/ZnO. By using the ZrOx/ZnO (0.1 g), the TOC removal efficiency of DMP (100 mL of 50 mg/L) was 88% after 30 min reaction, which was about 15% higher than P25 TiO2. It was found that the removal process of DMP by MW/PC followed pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases, and ZrOx/ZnO significantly accelerated the degradation of DMP. The degradation half-life time of DMP was shortened 45% compared with P25 TiO2. A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed based on microwave response and interfacial charge transfer. ZrOx/ZnO could be reused for six times without obvious decrease in catalytic activity. The study offers new insights into designing highly efficient catalysts for MW/PC process and is applicable for MW/PC environmental remediation.     

常见有机物对催化臭氧化降解水中硝基苯的影响

考察了有机物甲醛、甲醇、甲酸和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化工艺去除水中硝基苯降解效果的影响规律.单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化对硝基苯的去除率随着甲醛浓度的升高(0～12 mg·L-1)分别降低了11.6%和9.6%;2种工艺对硝基苯的去除率都随着甲醇浓度的增加(0～16mg·L-1,)先增高再降低,单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化分别在浓度为2 mg·L-1和4 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;随着甲酸浓度的增加(0～8 mg·L-1)去除率也都先增高再降低,单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化分别在浓度为0.5 mg·L-1和2 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;低浓度的甲醇和甲酸促进了硝基苯的降解,高浓度的甲醇和甲酸抑制了硝基苯的降解.单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯浓度增加(0～10 mg·L-1)的情况下对硝基苯的去除率分别降低了19.7%和18.6%.     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.     

邻苯二甲酸酯在包气带土层中的迁移模拟研究

选择垃圾渗滤液中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为特征污染物,通过室内实验确定了DMP和DBP在包气带土层的降解、吸附、弥散参数,建立了DMP和DBP在包气带迁移的对流-弥散数学模型.利用有限差分数值解方法,预测了DMP和DBP在包气带土层中迁移及其对饱水带地下水的污染风险.结果表明,DMP和DBP 的包气带污染距离分别可达6.5m和0.5m,DMP存在丰水期污染饱水带地下水的风险,而DBP的污染风险较小.     

环境中的PAES对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响研究

通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响进行了研究。目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪的致突变作用。方法以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为污染物对蟾蜍蝌蚪染毒24小时,并观察其细胞核变化。所用蟾蜍蝌蚪处于变态期,对污染物较为敏感。结果邻苯二甲酸酯使蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核率以及核异常细胞率上升,微核率随着浓度的增大而上升,在浓度为78 ug/ml,对照组相比有极显著差异P〈0.01,浓度在18.5 ug/ml时试验组突变的细胞核的形态发生显著改变,核异常细胞率与对照组核异常细胞率有显著差异P〈0.05。此时显微镜下观察可见微核、双核、核内凹、核碎裂、无丝分裂时核分裂不均等核的形态变化。结论邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪具有明显的致突变作用。     

水质对UV/H2O2降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯反应动力学的影响

研究了不同初始pH值、浊度与常见阴离子浓度等水质条件对UV/H2O2工艺降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)反应速率的影响,并进一步比较了去离子水和自来水中DMP的降解速率.结果表明,UV/H2O2对DMP的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型,不同水质条件对降解速率有不同程度的影响.酸性条件较碱性条件更有利于DMP降解; 水的浊度大于7 NTU时,光降解速率常数迅速下降; NO3-、Cl3-、HCO3-等阴离子对DMP降解有抑制作用,且随离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强,3种离子对DMP光降解的抑制程度顺序为HCO3-＞NO3-＞Cl3-.在5个30 W低压汞灯照射下,当H2O2的浓度为20 mg·L-1时,DMP在去离子水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.042 8 min-1和0.031 5 min-1,自来水中的光降解速率常数较去离子水中的低,这可能是水中多种离子影响的结果.     

DEHP与OVA联合染毒对小鼠肺功能和肺部IL-17表达的作用

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(di-(2-ehtylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)在单独染毒和与卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒条件下对小鼠气道的影响及其相关机制,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为:未处理对照组(生理盐水组)、DEHP染毒组、OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA联合染毒组(DEHP+ OVA),每组雄性Balb/c小鼠6只.用OVA致敏加激发的方式制作小鼠哮喘模型.DEHP染毒组每天给予10 mg·kg-1 DEHP灌胃,连续54 d.OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA染毒组小鼠均在第54～60 d(共计1周)进行1％ OVA雾化(30 min·d-1),每日1次,诱发哮喘.第60 d进行以下操作:肺功能测试,肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)样品收集和肺组织中的Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)含量的测定.结果显示,与DEHP染毒组相比,DEHP与OVA联合染毒组小鼠BALF的IL-17A显著增加(p＜0.05),肺功能降低(p＜0.05),气道重塑,肺部细胞浸润明显.提示DEHP对小鼠哮喘模型佐剂作用的分子机制可能涉及IL-17的介导作用.